Health Promotion Individual Plan for a Patient

Develop a plan to promote individual health and wellness supported by appropriate theoretical perspectives from the scenario. You will need to use the following outline to structure you plan.

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Introduction

Your introduction needs to answer the following questions:

1: What? Give a brief outline of what the plan is about. This is what is given in the assignment brief above.

2: How? Give a brief guide of the structure of the plan, that is, a brief chronological outline of the plan. You need to refer to the detailed guidance given below.

3:Why? Briefly give a rationale for your plan. In other words explain why promoting health of the chosen individual is important. This could be related to module learning outcomes: personal development plans; policy; research etc. you will need a brief literature overview of the subject area.

Discussion

1: Identify an individual who can benefit from health promotion from your field of practice. Give a clear outline of the individual, focussing on the health needs that necessitate the nned for health promotion.

2: Identify and discuss the bio-psychosocial factors that contribute to the health and well-being of the individual.

3: Clearly outline the activities that need to be undertaken in order to promote the health of the individual [you could include a detailed plan in an appendix]. You need to justify or give reasons for each actions that need to be undertaken.

4: Identify, discuss and evaluate the appropriateness of different approaches and strategies that can be utilised to promote the health of the individual.

Conclusion

1: Summary of key learning points identified within the plan.

2: Recommendations as to what needs to happen next. This could be your own learning development needs; policy or research developments etc.

Introduction

The plan is to create a health promotion plan for Molly who is pregnant, discuss briefly the risks involved during pregnancy and also identify the multi-disciplinary team that will be involved in Mollys health promotion plan, I will define what health promotion is? Give a brief description on depression and the effect on pregnancy and how it can affect Molly. In addition the essay will explain how to help Molly cope with her fathers Dementia, I will do this by enquiring Mollys knowledge regarding Dementia from this information we (Molly and I) can plan Mollys strategies to enable her to cope with her fathers Dementia while she is pregnant The health promotion process will be implemented using the nursing process this include several steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation.

Firstly we will assess Mollys stage of pregnancy, past medical, psychological, social history. This will in turn provide the background knowledge required to plan Mollys health promotion care plan, identify which members of the multi-disciplinary team are needed at the initial stage of health promotion and in future during follow-up care. In addition we will also identify her fathers stage of Dementia and also which health services he has access to, or need to access in future. This is essential as Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code (2015) requires a nurse to ensure the care is provided to the whole individual rather than parts of him/her. That is care should focus on: physical, psychological, and social health and well-being (Evans, Coutsaftiki and Fathers, 2011).

According to the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC, 2015), The number of babies delivered in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK) has decreased by 3.6 per in 2012-13 to just over 640 000.

Pregnant women may be at risk of developing complication during their pregnancy due to pre-existing conditions prior to becoming pregnant and/or as a result of complication arising whilst the woman is pregnant, this may include conditions such as; diabetes, hypertension, depression, anaemia, ectopic pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, pre-term labour etc. This in turn can affect either the pregnant woman health, the foetus health or both. As a result it is essential that nurses caring for pregnant women are aware of these complications in order to prevent, alleviate and/or treat these conditions this can be referred as health promotion.

World Health Organisation (WHO, 2009) suggest that health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment (WHO, 2009).

This was first defined during the Ottawa Charter 1986 (WHO, 2009). This charter set out five key actions required to realise the concept of health promotion. These include: 1) building healthy public policy, 2) creating supportive environment, 3) strengthening communities, 4) developing personal skills and 5) reorienting health services

Building healthy public policy: this involve encouraging the National Health Service (NHS), health care professionals and the policy makers to work collaboratively in order to facilitate health promoting policies, legislation and NHS organisational change that foster culture that support health promotion. Creating supportive environment-health encourages all stakeholders such as; schools, workplaces, health care services in support health promotion activities working environment and living conditions are safe, and provide positive health impact to individual and/or communities in the changing health care environment. Strengthening community action-involves empowering of communities, to draw on their existing assets such as the people as well as goods and services in the community to enhance and encourage community participation in health promoting actions. In addition Naidoo and Wills (2010) argue that Developing personal skills, can be described as the process of empowering individual and communities to take control over, their physical, mental, psychological and social health and well-being in a rapidly changing health environment. This can be achieved through providing information and education regarding health promotion throughout their life-span, Reorienting Health Services- WHO (2009), discusses that for health promotion to succeed, it requires shared responsibility between all the stakeholders involved that is; individual, communities, health care services and healthcare professional they all must have a common goal that support the implementation of achievable health promotion services.

The rationale for health promotion for Molly is to ensure that her health and the health of her unborn baby are central to the nursing care provided. This will ensure the care provided is patient-centred and Molly is actively involved in the decision regarding her care. Therefore as a multi-disciplinary we will be able to identify, prevent, alleviate or treat conditions arising at the earliest opportunity (Hubley and Copeman, 2013).

Green, Tones, Cross and Woodwall (2015) argue that chronic conditions, present a substantial burden both on quality of life of individuals as well as the cost of treatment for the health services. Consequently preventing or alleviating avoidable condition can reduce cost of the burden of disease on the health care system, as well as improving peoples life expectancy and quality of life. For example; in this case Molly appear to have depression and her father has Dementia hence early intervention can improve their quality of life as well as reduce the burden of disease to themselves as well as the NHS.

The Biopsychosocial

In Mollys case we will apply the biopsychosocial model which was developed George Engel in 1977, it consist of three domains these include: Biological, Psychological and social domain. These domain may appear as separate entity but in reality they are all interdependent. While biomedical models focus on pathophysiology or biological aspects of diseases, the biopsychosocial model emphasise the importance providing nursing care to the whole person sometimes referred as holistic nursing care. The biopsychosocial model will take into account Mollys as well as her dad biological, psychological, and social factors and how these factors interact with each other in order to understand their conditions and health care services available for these condition. In addition, Molly is pregnant, pregnancy can be a time of significant bodily as well as life changes in a womans life. Although Ewles (2005) states that, oestrogen and progesterone levels increase during pregnancy and hence reduce the susceptibility of depression or mental illness however in Mollys case her fathers Dementia may have increased her risk of being depressed especially if she is his main carer this in turn can increase Mollys level of stress thus increasing her risk of developing depression (Scriven, 2010). Stress can be defined as a physical or psychological states that occur within the body when an individual senses perceive a danger or threat to their well-being.(Cattman and Tilford, 2006)

Biopsychosocial model enable us to look into Mollys biological, psychological and social factors. The aim is to assist nurses working with pregnant women to understand how they can prevent, recognise and manage depression. Depression is one of the most common mental health disorder in England and Wales affecting approximately 9% of the population (Conner and Norman, 2005)). Depression can be treated or prevented by raising awareness of mental health problems, promoting good mental health, using preventative measures, and recognising and treating people with mental health disorder in a timely manner (Kiger, 2004; NICE, 2009). Depression can be precipitated by traumatic life events such as; physical illness, bereavement, relationship or financial problems (NICE, 2009). Depression can be defined as feeling hopelessness, impaired concentration, lethargy, sleep disturbance, decreased appetite and irritability symptoms can be divided into physical and psychological. Ewles,and Simnett, 2003).

To identify what stage of depression Molly is experiencing NICE, 2009 recommends that, when making diagnosis, the severity of depression and how it impacts on the Mollys life and/or if she had had previous episodes of depression and how long these lasted. However different individual(s) may experience depression differently in addition there a groups of people who are at high risk of developing depression for example: individual(s) who are caring for people with long-term illness and disability, unemployed, pregnancy, bereavement etc (Hulf, Kline and Peterson, 2015).

How to prevent Mollys depression

The former deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg initiated a mental health outcome strategy known as: No Health Without Mental Health (DoH, 2011). This strategy highlights the importance of early intervention and prevention to help address the underlying causes of mental ill health. The strategy aim is to encourage collaboration between different health care settings, local authorities and social care agencies to improve life for people suffering with mental illness and also reduce health care costs

It is vital for prevent Mollys depression, early inte...