Account Holder

This actor is an individual who holds an account with the bank and has a valid ATM card issued by the bank. In the Use Case, the account holder initiates the withdrawal.

Bank Employee

This actor is an individual authorized by the bank to maintain the ATM system. They service, reload, and remove swallowed cards from the ATM machine.

Bank System

This actor is the background system operated by the bank and is responsible for authorizing access, as well as, transactions carried out by account holders.

Use Case Narrative:

For the ATM withdrawal Use Case, the account holder inputs the card and PIN. The bank system is responsible for authorizing access to the ATM session. In the event that the PIN entered is correct, then the bank system authorizes the ATM session. In the event that the PIN entered is incorrect, the bank system cancels the transaction.

For authorized ATM sessions, the customer selects the Withdraw Funds option and enters the amount that he or she wants to withdraw. The bank system checks the bank balance in order to validate the withdrawal.

In the event that the account holders bank balance is sufficient, then the ATM checks the amount of money available on the machine. If the machine has sufficient funds to dispense, the ATM dispenses the required amount and the customer receives the funds. The ATM also prints a receipt containing details from the transaction for the customers reference. If the machine does not have sufficient funds to dispense, it cancels the transaction.

In the event that the account holders bank balance is less than the amount entered for withdrawal, the bank cancels the transaction and asks the customer to enter a different amount.

The bank employee is responsible for the maintenance of the ATM machine. This includes reloading the machine when it runs out of money, removing swallowed cards, and servicing the ATM.

ATM Withdrawal Use Case Illustration

Use Case Dependency for Account Deposit

Actors:

Account Holder

This actor is an individual who holds an account with the bank and has a valid ATM card issued by the bank. In the Use Case, the account holder initiates the withdrawal.

Bank Employee

This actor is an individual authorized by the bank to maintain the ATM system. They service, reload, and remove swallowed cards from the ATM machine.

Bank System

This actor is the background system operated by the bank and is responsible for authorizing access, as well as, transactions carried out by account holders.

Use Case Narrative:

For the ATM use case dependency for account deposit, the account holder inputs the card and PIN. The bank system is responsible for authorizing access to the ATM session. In the event that the PIN entered is correct, then the bank system authorizes the ATM session and the account holder has access to the ATM console. In the event that the PIN entered is incorrect, the bank system cancels the transaction.

For authorized ATM sessions, the customer selects the Deposit Funds option on the ATM console. The account holder then enters the amount that he or she wants to deposit. The bank system will prompt the user to insert the envelope with the deposit amount in the ATM tray.

The bank system then verifies the deposit amount entered by the user and compares it to the amount of funds in the deposited envelops. In the event that the account holders envelop content match the amount entered into the ATM console, the accounts balance receives an update. In the event that the account holders envelop content does not match the amount entered into the ATM console, the transaction is canceled and the bank balance for the account is not updated.

The bank employee is responsible for the maintenance of the ATM machine. This includes reloading the machine when it runs out of money, removing swallowed cards, and servicing the ATM.

Use Case Dependency for Account Deposit Illustration:

Use Case Dependency for an Account Transfer:

Actors:

Account Holder

This actor is an individual who holds an account with the bank and has a valid ATM card issued by the bank. In the Use Case, the account holder initiates the withdrawal.

Bank Employee

This actor is an individual authorized by the bank to maintain the ATM system. They service, reload, and remove swallowed cards from the ATM machine.

Bank System

This actor is the background system operated by the bank and is responsible for authorizing access, as well as, transactions carried out by account holders.

Use Case Narrative:

For the ATM use case dependency for account transfer, the account holder inputs the card and PIN. The bank system is responsible for authorizing access to the ATM session. In the event that the PIN entered is correct, then the bank system authorizes the ATM session and the account holder has access to the ATM console. In the event that the PIN entered is incorrect, the bank system cancels the transaction.

For authorized ATM sessions, the customer selects the Account transfer option on the ATM console. The system asks the account holder to input the account number of the funds recipient. The account holder then enters the recipients account number. The system verifies the account number entered by the account holder. If the account number does not exist, the ATM cancels the transaction. If the account number exists, the bank system will prompt the account holder to enter the amount that he or she seeks to transfer. The account holder inputs the figure he or she wants to transfer from his or her account to the recipients account.

The bank system then checks the account holders account balance in order to verify the transfer. If the account holders balance is less than the transfer-amount is, the system cancels the transaction and prompts the account holder on the same. If the account holders balance is greater than the transfer-amount, the system transfers the funds to the recipient account and updates the account holders bank balance.

The bank employee is responsible for the maintenance of the ATM machine. This includes reloading the machine when it runs out of money, removing swallowed cards, and servicing the ATM.

Use Case Dependency for an Account Transfer Illustration

Ethical Issue Exposed in Connection with the Development of Use of the ATM System

As a developer for an ATM system, numerous ethical issues might come up during the development, implementation, or use of the system. The first is compromised system security. It is understandable that one of the most important aspects of a banking and financial system is security (Koslowski, 2011). This is mainly because system security helps ensure that systems are protected and sensitive data is kept secure from unauthorized access. However, in this case, as the developer of the system an ethical dilemma might arise because of an in-depth and background understanding of the ATM systems security protocols. This is mainly attributable to the fact that developers are responsible for designing and implementing security features. This means that the developer has inside information on any security lapses and backdoors that can be used to access the ATM system, therefore, as a developer, the main ethical dilemma is to ensure responsible use of this kind of knowledge.

The second ethical issue is data privacy. ATM systems and banking systems mainly consist of private information such as names, phone numbers, account balance, account activity, and social security numbers just to mention a few. It is the duty of the system developer to develop effective security tools that ensure that account holder information is kept private at all times. This can be achieved through data encryption and the implementation of security tools aimed at preventing unauthorized access (Koslowski, 2011).

The last ethical dilemma is intellectual property issues arising. Intellectual property has become an important aspect of system development. It is important to establish the ownership of all intellectual property resulting from the development of such an ATM system for a bank. The bank must ensure to credit the system developer for the work carried out.

References

Koslowski, P. (2011). The Ethics of Banking: Conclusions from the Financial Crisis. Berlin: Springer Netherland.

Gordon University (2004) Use Cases for Example ATM System. Retrieved 8/12/2016 from http://www.math-cs.gordon.edu/courses/cs211/ATMExample/Visual Paradigm (n.d) Use case diagram Retrieved 8/12/2016 from https://www.visual-paradigm.com/VPGallery/diagrams/UseCase.html