Aviation Industry

Aviation industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world; the reduction of cost per flight and high rates of investment into this industry has led to an increase in the customer base due to reduced cost of flight tickets as a result of competition by various investors. The rise in the number of customers in the industry has led to the emergence of new challenges which on the other hand has led to increased need for mechanisms to handle these issues. One of the most sensitive issues in the aviation industry is the management of safety of both the customer and the employees. Unfortunately, no enough measures have been currently put in place to reduce the casualty and the damages caused by accidents which can be easily predicted if a good system had been in place.

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Safety in airlines operations is one of the growing points of emphasis and concern. In order to improve the safety in the aviation industry, safety management systems should be introduced into the industry. These systems should be able to detect an emergency and respond to it before any eventuality occurs. This dissertation explains the airport safety management system and its implementation. The systems implements the real-time relay mechanism to monitor critical areas in the airport where sensitive systems are located and the information is monitored in real-time on a mainframe. The results can then be monitored by the experts and in an event of some vulnerability, a quick response unit be deployed immediately to counter the risk.

In this dissertation survey, questionnaire and review of past literature was used to collect information on the perception of the personnel on the implementation of new Safety Management System. The results of the survey indicated that a higher percentage of the personnel were not conversant with the use and importance of a safety management system and therefore training should be performed to teach them on the importance of having a safety management system in an airline industry and how it will help mitigating risks in the work environment. Furthermore, the safety management operators had no skills of operating a digital system of managing hazards.

DECLARATION

I hereby certify that this dissertation constitutes my own product, that where the language of others is set forth, quotation marks so indicate, and that appropriate credit is given where I have used the language, ideas, expressions, or writings of another person.

I declare that the dissertation describes original work that has not previously been presented for the award of any other degree of any institution.

Signed,

Your name-here

This dissertation contains material that is confidential and/or commercially sensitive. It is included here on the understanding that this will not be revealed to any person not involved in the assessment process.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all the colleagues, family and faculty who assisted during the time of this research. It is with immense gratitude that I would like to acknowledge support and guidance of my professor who ensured my success throughout the research. I would also like to thank my classmates who in one way or another helped in this dissertation and without them this thesis would have been a dream. I would like to express my gratitude to my parents and friends who supported me mentally throughout the studies, this thesis would not have been possible without them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u LIST OF FIGURES PAGEREF _Toc443119428 \h 2Chapter 1. Introduction PAGEREF _Toc443119429 \h 31.1Scope PAGEREF _Toc443119430 \h 41.2Problem Statement PAGEREF _Toc443119431 \h 51.3Problem Solving Approach PAGEREF _Toc443119432 \h 61.4Outcome PAGEREF _Toc443119433 \h 6Chapter 2. Background and LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc443119434 \h 82.1Background PAGEREF _Toc443119435 \h 82.2Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc443119436 \h 102.3Terms PAGEREF _Toc443119437 \h 11Chapter 3. Analysis and Design PAGEREF _Toc443119438 \h 133.1Analysis PAGEREF _Toc443119439 \h 133.2Data collection PAGEREF _Toc443119440 \h 133.3Feasibility analysis PAGEREF _Toc443119441 \h 153.4Design PAGEREF _Toc443119442 \h 16Chapter 4. Implementation (Realization) PAGEREF _Toc443119443 \h 224.1Testing. PAGEREF _Toc443119444 \h 24Chapter 5. Results and Evaluation PAGEREF _Toc443119445 \h 275.1Assessment PAGEREF _Toc443119446 \h 275.2Challenges faced during the design process PAGEREF _Toc443119447 \h 28Chapter 6. Conclusions PAGEREF _Toc443119448 \h 296.1Summary of the project PAGEREF _Toc443119449 \h 296.2Strengths and Weaknesses of the system PAGEREF _Toc443119450 \h 306.3Lessons Learnt PAGEREF _Toc443119451 \h 306.4Future Work PAGEREF _Toc443119452 \h 31

LIST OF FIGURES TOC \h \z \c "Figure" Figure 1: Use Case Diagram PAGEREF _Toc443119453 \h 17Figure 2: User Interaction PAGEREF _Toc443119454 \h 18Figure 3: System Layout PAGEREF _Toc443119455 \h 19Figure 4: White box testing PAGEREF _Toc443119456 \h 26Figure 5: Functional testing PAGEREF _Toc443119457 \h 26Figure 6: Organisational structure PAGEREF _Toc443119458 \h 35Figure 7: Safety management system PAGEREF _Toc443119459 \h 36Figure 8: Components of Safety Management System PAGEREF _Toc443119460 \h 37

IntroductionIn (1997), The National Safety Council defined occupational safety as control and elimination of hazards in a workplace which allows the organization to attain the acceptable level of and promote wellbeing of the workers. The aviation industry and operations in particular are growing at a very quick rate and the complexity in operations and the methods of addressing issues are prevalent. The increased complexity in service delivery has led to inadequacy of resources. By the sensitivity of the nature of the aviation industry, resources should be put into place to deal with any eventuality. Critical software systems are an integral part in aviation industry; it is an important factor which ensures the safety of operations and less turn-around time in terms of accident response. The implementation of the system is able to reduce the rate at which the accidents occur.

This safety management system will address the issue of safety handling in the airlines among staff and customers by reducing the time that is taken to communicate between various safety handling authorities within the company through creation of one common platform in which abnormal occurrence of events. The system is expected to bridge the communication gap among several authorities by use of a web based safety management system which in turn will reduce the turnaround time taken to handle a problem. This system will also provide a friendly interface to safety operators who will be responsible for monitoring the system in a centralized location. The safety operators will also be responsible in monitoring the systems activity logs and in case of an eventuality report them to the relevant departments within the industry or the government agencies responsible for handling disasters. In addition to bridging the gap, the safety management system allows the organization to work together as a single unit rather than having multiple competing fragments or safety management silos within the organization. The system is expected to address safety issues which are often misinterpreted or totally missed by ensuring that all processes are secure and safe. This system will balance the safety of humans, their operations and the processes they are performing in their day to day activities. An example of a problem that occurred which could have been alleviated had a perfect safety management system been in place is the accident that occurred in BP oil refinery in Texas, investigation done revealed that there was unbalanced safety strategy which concentrated on the safety of humans while on the other hand ignoring the safety of the processes that they are involved in. An implementation of a safety management system will therefore reduce accidents by focusing on personal safety as well as that of the processes carried out.

ScopeThe safety management system will address the operations within the airlines in areas with both movements of people and aircraft. The system will be a computerized system running on PC and therefore the users must have computer knowledge in order to use it. To enhance the use of the system, the system will be integrated with other systems within the organization so that the new system will be able to access the objects within those existing systems. The system will be accessible to all personnel but the safety operators will be the only users who will be able to edit information in the system. The operators will be able to perform database maintenance function of adding hazards, deleting hazards and editing hazards in the control panel of the system.

Problem StatementSafety is a major important issue at any industry with airlines industry included; the lives of the entire aviation industry can be put to risk by simple manageable and preventable accidents whose causes if carefully planned can be stopped early before the occurrence of any problem. Even though the safety related issues in our aviation industry are reducing in the rate of occurrence as compared to the past, enough measures need to be put in place to curb the accidents that still occur. Some of these accidents we see in the airports today can be monitored and remedied at an early stage which can lead to early intervention. Some of these preventable mistakes go unreported due to lack of good risk management system in place which leads to recurrence of the same accidents in future. The fact that the safety management system in the aviation industry is not effective has led to the splitting of the responsibilities among various bodies increasing the difficulty in which safety in the industry can be managed. These include but not limited to: The airlines stakeholders, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF). This leads to slow response to a potential cause of a disaster due to the time it may take for inter-agency communication. This may sometimes lead to a total miscommunication thus an emergency may occur before the measures of mitigation are put into place. The introduction of the Risk Management Software will be able to solve the problem of turn-around time in safety management and reporting by unifying various bodies which are required to handle issues concerning safety in the aviation industry. This system will be able to save a log of all anomalies in the airlines and analyze the data then the report can be generated in real-time.

Problem Solving ApproachThe design of Safety management is aimed at coming up with a system which will solve the challenges faced by the airline companies all over the United States. The approach used to develop this system is iterative approach which is sometimes referred to as incremental approach. In this approach to software design, the entire development process has been broken down into smaller chunks. In the design for instance, the problem is first defined clearly. This involves carefully defining the project and the requirements, listing down the project management procedures, and then coming up with the processes for managing the issues, risks, communication among others. These are immediately followed by analysis of the software where the information about the system will be collected from the users and the environment in which the software is expected to operate in, designing of software prototype, and then implementing the software. After the implementation stage, the assessment will then be don...