Problem 1 (20 marks)
The cylindrical iron-clad solenoid magnet shown in Figure 1 has a plunger which can move a relatively short distance x developing a large force ffld. The plunger is guided so that it can move in vertical direction only. The radial air gap between the shell and the plunger is grad = 1 mm, R=20 mm, and d=10 mm. The exciting coil has N=1000 turns and carries a constant current of I= 10A
1400175175261Ra
00Ra
a) Draw the magnetic equivalent circuit.
183832521780518383253035301352550217805001028700122554RRS
0RRS
1181100265430485775217805485775217805
16668753086100018002253086100
2438400189865Rx
Rx
4857751898650029527537465emf
48577528956018383256096000
b) Compute the flux density (B) in the working air gap for x=10 mm.
Magnetic flux = 1000 turns1 x 108turnsWb= 10-5 WbA=pr2= p x (20 x10-3 )2
= 1.257 x 10-3 m2
B= 10-51.257 x 10-3 = 7.96 x 10-3 T
c) Compute the value of the energy stored in Wfld (for x=10 mm).
Wfld = I2R
= 102 x 7.96 x 10-3
= 0.796 W
d) Compute the value of the inductance L (for x=10 mm).
Inductance = magnetic fluxcurrent = 10-5/10 = 10-06 H
e) For a force ffld of 1000 N determine for x=10 mm the current
Force = current x length x B
= 10 x 10 x 10-3 x 7.96 x 10-3
= 7.96 x 10-4 N
Problem 2 (20 Marks)
The open circuit and short circuit test results for a 40 kVA single phase transformer that steps up the voltage from 415 V to 1100 V are:
Open Circuit Test (primary open circuited): VOC= 1100 V, IOC= 1.82 A, POC= 320 W.
Short Circuit Test (secondary short circuited): VSC= 19.5 V, ISC= 96.4 A, PSC= 800 W.
Draw the approximate equivalent circuit referred to the primary.
Compute all equivalent circuit parameter values ( eq eq R + jX , Rc, Xm) referred to the primary. W=V1IoCos b 96.4 = 1100 x 1.82 x cos b
Cos b = 0.048152
B = 87.24o
Im=IoSin b = 1.82Sin 87.24 = 1.818 A
Iw = IoSin b = 1.82 Cos 87.24 = 0.0876 A
Xm = V1Im = 11001.818 = 605.1 Rc = 11000.0876 = v1Is = 12557
Req + jXeq = 12577 + j605.1
Compute efficiency at full load with a power factor of 0.8 lagging.
Efficiency = outputinput = 40 000 x 0.840 000+800+320 = 77.8 o/o
d) Compute the voltage regulation at full with a power factor of 0.8 lagging
Per unit voltage regulation = R2cos b + X2sin b = 12557 0.04815 + 605.2 0.999
= 604.62 + 604
= 1208.62 V
Problem 3 (20 Marks)
A three phase induction motor with "Design B" characteristics has the motor name plate details are as follows: RATING 22 kW VOLTAGE 415 V POLES 6 CURRENT 39.8 A SPEED 965 rev/min CONNECTION DELTA FREQUENCY 50 Hz NEMA DESIGN B The friction-windage loss plus the core loss Pf/w + Pcore= 1.53 kW may be considered constant over the speed range of the motor and the motor parameters are: R1= 0.981 , X1= 1.80 , and XM= j80 . When operating at a speed of 970 rev/min (not full load) the load torque is 190.5 Nm and the input power factor is 0.906 lagging. Calculate for a speed of 970rev/min:
The output power Pout of the motor.
Ns = 120 fP = 120 x 50 6 = 1000 rpm
Therefore, s = (Ns N)/Ns = (1000 970)/1000 = 0.03
Output power = (1-s) P2
= (1 0.03) x 3 xI22 x (0.510.03)
= 676037 W
Net Power = Total mechanical Losses
= 676037 1530
= 674508 W
The input line current IL to the motor.
Input current I1 = V1Z1V1 = 415
Z1 = R1 + jX1 = 0.981 + j 1.80
I1 = 415302.05 33 = 116.9 -33o A
c) The efficiency of the motor.
Efficiency = output output+lossesOutput = 674503 W
Losses 1 = 3I12R1 = 3 x 116.92 x 0.981 = 37307 W
Losses 2 = 1530 W
Efficiency = 674503674503+37307+1530 = 94 o/o
Problem 4 (20 MARKS)
A 500 V, 6 pole dc shunt motor has the following name plate details: RATING 50 kW VOLTAGE 500 V dc POLES 6 CURRENT 113.6 A SPEED 800 rev/min CONNECTION SHUNT The motor parameters are: armature resistance (RA)= 0.295 , shunt field resistance (RSHUNT)= 98 , friction & windage losses (PF/W)= 1.22 kW. Determine:
The full load efficiency.
Efficiency = outputoutput+losesP = Tw
W = 2pN60 = 2p X 80060 = 83 rads-1
P = 632.6 x 83 = 52505.8 W
Efficiency = 52505.852505.8+1220 = 97 o/o
The full load output torque in Nm.
Eb1 = V - IaRa = 500 (113.6 x 0.295)
= 466.49 V
Where Eb1 emf at no load
Eb2 emf at full load
Taf Torque at full load
Eb2No= fP260 Eb2 = No (fPZ/60A) = V - IafRA = N2 x 0.466 = 500 Iaf x 0.6
Now Taf at full load
Taf = 9.55Eb1Iao/No=9.55 x 466.49 x 113.6/800 = 632.6 Tm
The no load speed in rev/min.
Ns x 0.466 = 500 113.6 x 0.295
Ns = 466.480.466 = 1000 rpm
Problem 5 (20 MARKS)
A single phase capacitor start induction motor has the following name plate data: RATING 0.2 kW PHASES 1 POLES 4 VOLTAGE 250 V FREQUENCY 50 Hz CURRENT 3.0 A INSULATION Class B SPEED 1410 rev/min The approximate equivalent circuit parameters are: r1= 6.7 , r2' = 16.5 , Xf= 248 , x1= 12.9 , and x2'= 11.4 . The friction and windage loss is 15 W. For normal running condition as a single phase motor with the auxiliary winding open, calculate for a slip of 4%, (not full load slip), determine:
The input current (magnitude and power factor).
I1 = V1ZeqZeq = 6.7 + j12.9 + 16.5 + j11.4
= 23.2 + j24.3
= 2503033.6 35
= 4.3 -350
Power factor = Cos 35 = 0.819
The air-gap power.
P = I12R1 + I22R2
= 4.32 x 6.7 + 32 x 16.5
= 123.883 + 1487.5
= 272.383 W
The shaft output power.
Output power = 272.383 15
= 257.383 W
The shaft output torque.
P= Tw
T= PwP = 257.383 w= 2pN60 = 2p x 141060 = 147.65 rads-1
T = 257.383147.65 = 1.74 Nm
e) The motor efficiency
Efficiency = outputoutput+losses = 257.383257.383+15 = 94 o/o
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