Technological Unemployment

2021-05-12
3 pages
564 words
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Technology has shifted human labour to machine. The use of a machine to accomplish work is referred to as atomization of labour. It is the most advanced form of mechanization. In some instances, machines are so sophisticated such that they do not require the aid of a human being but coordinated machines and materials that produce desired products. With the advancement of computer technology, automation has also become highly computerized. The prime purpose of job automation is increased productivity.

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The increase in productivity has been attributed to machines which do jobs faster and in a less expensive way. Increased productivity of a country has, for a long time, been the closest indicator of sustainable economic growth. Apart from the betterment of economy, a rise in productivity has an influence on living standards, overall consumption rates, and per capita income.

Though automation presents advantages such as making jobs safer, faster, and more efficient, there is a higher risk of job losses in future. For instance, mechanization in the agricultural field saw a decrease in U.S. labor force employed in agriculture from 41 percent of the total population in the year 1900 to 2 percent in the year 2000. Another example is the displacement of record keeping positions as a result of rapid uptake of computers. Regarding automation and job losses, engineering fields are the most susceptible. The ever rising robotic economy is a perfect example. A study conducted by Frey and Osborne paints a gloomy picture on the future of engineering jobs and wages. The researchers found out that computerization puts 47% of United States jobs at risk. Also, the study revealed that a higher likelihood of computerization in a particular occupation leads to decreased incomes and educational attainment.

A recent survey on future of internet canvassing predicts that a rapid rise in robotics and artificial intelligence permeating all segments of life. Findings from the study were mixed. Half of the experts in technological field forecast that by 2025, significant numbers of blue and white-collar jobs will be displaced by robots and digital agents. As a result, there will be increased income inequality, a rise in a number of unemployable people, and social disorder. On the contrary, the other half of these experts see a future with hope. They predicted an increase in some jobs created by technology than those displaced. Even though they anticipate that most jobs will be taken over by technology, they hope human beings create new jobs and ways to earn a living just the way they have done since the beginning of Industrial Revolution.

Automation has changed the attitude of human beings towards the machine. Even though people have contrasting attitudes on the need for automation, a large percentage of them have deep negative perception and attitudes towards it. For instance, in a survey conducted the British Science Association to find out how the public view the effect of robotics and artificial intelligence on the society and their cultures, 60% of the respondents reported that the use of robots and artificial intelligence will result in a significant decrease in jobs while 36% saw it as a threat to survival of humanity. Furthermore, the study revealed that people do not trust artificial intellects and robots to take in life-saving situations e.g. in surgery, driving public vehicles, and flying commercial planes. However, the public welcome the assistance of intelligent machines in household tasks e.g. cooking and cleaning.

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